自改革开放起至今，中国展现了一个后发国家通过技术追赶，实现收入跃升的成功案例。可以预见的是，中国将于2025年前后步入高收入国家*行列。回顾1978—2018，40年间，中国GDP的年均增速达到了9.5%。
然而，过去中国经济高速发展期所依赖的要素红利（即资本与劳动力）正不断减弱。在资本与劳动力难以持续拉动经济增长的情况下，创新将成为下一阶段中国经济发展的主题。中国政府已经意识到经济增长动能转换的需求，并提出了明确的创新国家建设愿景。
2016年，中国政府发布《国家创新驱动发展纲要》，目标在2030年研发投入占GDP总量比例达到2.8%，跻身创新型国家行列；到2050年，建成世界科技创新强国，并成为世界主要科学中心和创新高地。中国正在从要素与投资驱动的发展阶段，转向创新驱动增长的新阶段，未来可期。
Since the reform and opening up, China has shown a successful case of a late-comer country catching up with technology to achieve a leap in income. It is foreseeable that China will enter the ranks of high-income countries* around 2025. Looking back from 1978 to 2018, the average annual growth rate of China's GDP reached 9.5% during the 40 years.
However, the factor dividends (i.e. capital and labor) on which China's economy developed rapidly in the past are declining. As capital and labor cannot sustainably drive economic growth, innovation will become the theme of China's economic development in the next stage. The Chinese government has realized the need for the conversion of economic growth kinetic energy and has put forward a clear vision of innovative country building.
In 2016, the Chinese government issued the "National Innovation-Driven Development Program", aiming to reach 2.8% of total GDP in R&D investment by 2030, making it one of the most innovative countries; by 2050, it will become a world scientific and technological innovation powerhouse and become the world's leading science Center and Innovation Heights. China is moving from a stage of development driven by factors and investment to a new stage of innovation-driven growth, and the future can be expected.
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